CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study
Based on the recommendations the National Directorate of Employment (NDE) was established on November 22, 1987 and it initial are programs were formally launched on 30th January, 1987 by the Chief General staff, Voce Admiral Augustus Archomu on behalf of the president and commander in Chief of the Armed force General Ibrahim Badamusi Babangida.
The president directed the new directorate to concentrate this effort mostly on unemployment, by the re-activation of public works promotion of self-employment, giving out loans to small scale business organization of artisan into co-operative and encouragement of culture of maintenance and repairs (Badamesi IB 1987). To ensure effective implementation, a Board of Director’s representing a cross section of all interest group from industry, agriculture, finance, labour and government was set up to define policy and supervise operations. There are some board setup towards fighting or eradicating unemployment in our country are include.
Special Public Works
National youth employment and vocational skill development and small scale organization and graduate employment it was aim at monitoring. Administrative and support personal, this enabling optimum use of resource and prompt response to the requirement of the public.
National youth employment and vocational skills development programmed.
The program emailed from the realization that majority of the unemployed youths were without productive and marketable skills in the light of this, the federal government in this strategy, the need to build necessary linkages between theory and practical skill acquisition centers is emphasized. Amarelle (1989) hence the following scheme were devised for skill acquisition.
School on Wheels (SOW)
The directorate has recognized that are few companies in the rural areas, capable of offering apprenticeship and therefore the danger of encouraging whom migration via the open apprenticeship scheme. This scheme involved taking full equipped mobile vocational training facilities to the rural areas. This scheme welds a pool of artisans who will becomes a cornerstone of rural employment and development school on wheel (sow) is rural version of national open apprenticeship (Nuns) and it is of shorter duration of about 3 months and the trainees of the scheme are aborted into NOAS proper. The list of trade available under sow are:
MODULE A : Mechanical Trade
” Auto Mechanic
“ Welding/Black Smiting
“ Penal beating/Fabrication
“ Motor Cycle/Bicycle repairs

MODULE B : Building Trade
” Carpentry/ Journey
“ Mason/Brick Laying
“ Plumbing/Pipe Fitting
“ Painting/Glazing 
Resettlement (Loan) Scheme
In order to consolidate the gain of the vocational skill development programme especially national open apprenticeship scheme NDE introduced the resettlement scheme. Instead of the graduated trainees remaining unemployed, the scheme was created to assist successful trainees to start their own business apprenticeship two is an application for resettlement.

Graduate Loan Guarantee Scheme
The scheme as organized by NDE was essentially to assist fresh graduates to establish their own business. After the completion of EDP a participant present a feasibility report and can benefit from loan package of over 50,000,000. The collateral for the loan are to the originals of the recipient degree diploma certificates the loan is repayable over five years period with one year moratorium and the interest is still 1990.
Disable Work Scheme
The federal government through the national directorate of employment (NDE) in order to bring the disable into the main stream of the gainful employment proving them with special facilities. This is to enable them acquire appropriate skill and training which will lead to employment of gainful employment.

Small Scale Industries and Graduate Employment Programme
This was designed to encourage unemployment Nigerians to set up and run their own business. To the participants translate their business ideas into viable commercial ventage the national directorate of employment conducts courses in entrepreneurship prior to making loans available to them through its job creation guarantees scheme.
NDE/NYSC EDP
With regard to the growth of Entrepreneur Development Programme (EDP), in July 194, NDE came to agreement with the National Youth Service Corp (NYSC) that the directorate would grant loan worth of two million naira every quarter to youth corpers.

1.2 Statement of the Problem
Going round and making various survey by both the public and private sectors shows that in urban areas where the educated tend to congregate, the unemployment rate has been very high ranging to over 5% of the labour force, in Nigeria. In the rural areas. It is less severe of all unemployed Nigerias (ranging upwards of three to four million). Three quarters were under twenty five years of age unemployment on this scale is a colossal waste of human resources which a developing country like Nigeria can ill afford.
It is also realized that the majority of the unemployed are youths without productive and marketable skill are needed in the economy.
A good start needs to be made with the small scale enterprises and graduates employment programme which is aimed at assisting university and college graduates and school leavers who may have bright ideas that may lead to their self employment and fulfillment by allowing them reasonable liberal access to loans. As a corollary to the foregoing, measures to fight unemployment the government should create schemes and programme and recommend same to the appropriate authorities for implementation.

1.3 Objectives of the Study
The general purpose or aim of this study is to present in full the extent to which the government affectively fight unemployment through its agencies using National Directorate of Employment as a case study. Specifically, this research is mean to ex-ray the response of the youths and unemployed Nigerias to the national directorate of employment as one the federal government sponsored organ in pursuit of unemployment.
Meanwhile, it will present a better way of ensuring the effectiveness of the government in fighting unemployment and or financing self-employment schemes through national directorate employment in Nigeria.

1.4 Research Questions
As regards the problem being addressed by this study, the following research quesitons formulated.
1. Does increase in works’ salary impact on workers’ performance?
2. Does negative conceptualization of work contribute to inefficiency?
3. Does lack of provision of basic infrastructure have impact on performance?

1.5 Significance of the Study
The problem of unemployment and the significance of the federal government fightinh unemployment through national directorate of employment cannot be over emphasized. It creates the awareness for people who intend to go into business for themselves be the fresh graduates or those in employment. It provides useful information relating to what starting business.
The study define on important role self-employment scheme plays through smal scale enterprises by promoting industrial linkage and providing avenues for acquisition of simple technologies and utilization pof local raw material instead of the graduate etc. It will also assist on addressing the issue of unemployment in the country by focusing attention on the employment generation role of self-employment scheme.
It will provides additional literature to the existing one’s on the subject for future researchers. The study shoulf re-orientate Nigerian youth on the trade that self-employment should no longer be seen as a last option to be considered. Only after fruitless job searchers in the public service or even the private sector.

1.6 Scope of the Study
This study could afford volumes for an unrestricted of time and scope, it will feature general review of the operational framework of national directorate of employment as an agency of government det up yo takle the problem of unemployment in the nation especially Owerri NDE.

1.7 Limitation of the Study
1. Inadequate Confidential Corporation: All the respondent and institution under investigation who refused to give information and material need by them which is regarded as a classified information.
2. Transportation Problem: This is one of the factors that imitate against these research work.

Finacial Problem
Inadequate finance is also a facor that instituted a limitation to the research work. Because, a research required a huge amo0unt of capital effective performance in research work.

1.8 Definition of Terms
The folowing terms should be understood within the contest of this study to mean the following:
Unemploment
The state of not having a job or the fact of a number of people not having a job.
Employment
This is the state of being employed, the act of employing and the situation in which people have work.
N.D.E
National Directorate of Employment
Enterpreneur
This can be defined a person who identified and evaluate business opportunity, gather resource to the advantage of the business and initial appropriate action to enusre success.